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Smoking Turkey Times and Temps

For Great Tasting Thanksgiving Turkey Every Time!

We’ve had a few requests for Turkey Smoking Instructions on our MeatSmoking Facebook Page.

So we figured we’d share our “secret” recipe… 🙂

For starters, we’re big fans of brining foul. Brining will plump up the bird and give it some base flavor.

There are all kinds of brining recipes, but here’s how we do it.

We line a 5 gallon Home Depot bucket with a food grade plastic liner. In a pinch I’ve used garbage bags but some people are concerned with BPA’s and I understand it.

We then combine 1 gallon of refrigerated bottled water, and 1 gallon of refrigerated apple juice (fresh pressed preferred) and 1 to 1.5 cups of Kosher salt. (1. DO NOT BRINE DIRECTLY IN A METAL CONTAINER AS THE SALT CAN REACT WITH CERTAIN METALS AND YOUR BIRD CAN TASTE FUNKY! 2) Refrigerated liquids will help keep the bird out of the danger zone in an attempt to slow any bacteria growth.)

Allow the salt to dissolve in the mixture by stirring it up a bit.

Once the majority of the salt has dissolved, rinse your completely thawed turkey and place it into the mixture. You want to make sure the bird is completely submerged. You can twist the garbage bag and then place a plate on top of the bird to add some weight to it in an attempt to keep it submerged. (I usually submerge the bird neck-side up.)

Place the bucket into the fridge and let it sit for 6-24 hours. You can play with the brining time. I have a friend who is one of the top chefs in the nation. He brines his turkeys for 7 days and serves them at the hotel. They do about 600 birds each year. It’s unheard of but he swears by it. I typically do a 3-4 day brine..

Once your brining time is up, remove the turkey from the mixture and dispose of it. Remember, you are working with foul so do what you can to keep things clean. Rinse the bird and put it out on some tin foil or a baking sheet so that you can apply the rub. Pat the bird dry.

For the rub, mix up the following ingredients:

  • 1 tablespoon of garlic powder
  • 2 teaspoons of Lawry’s Seasoning Salt
  • 1 teaspoon of Poultry seasoning
  • 1 teaspoon of paprika
  • 1/2 teaspoon of fresh cracked pepper
  • 1/4 teaspoon of cayenne pepper
  • 1/4 teaspoon fresh ground basil

I’m a big fan of fresh herbs and spices so if you can get ’em great. If not, use what you can find.

Generously rub the bird with the mix. You may have to time-and-a-half the rub recipe for a larger bird. Don’t be scared to use too much. 😉

Now, put two whole sticks of butter into the butt of the bird and place it into the smoker breast side down for the first 2/3 of the cook. After that, flip the bird breast side up for the remainder of the time.

Thank You,
John Kirker

I know more about women then BBQ – and according to my wife, I don’t know much about women!

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🔥 Meat Smoking Calculator - Pathogen Death Time Chart
Understanding Time & Temperature for Safe Smoked Meats
°C °F
Show Bacterial Spores

Pathogen Thermal Death Curves (D-values)

Note: Click legend items to show/hide specific pathogens. Hover over lines for details.

🥩 Meat Smoking Safety Tips:

  • Use a Meat Thermometer: Always verify internal temperature - color is not a reliable indicator of doneness.
  • The 40-140°F Rule: Meat should pass through the danger zone (40°F-140°F) within 4 hours to prevent bacterial growth.
  • Low & Slow Considerations: When smoking at low temperatures (225°F-275°F), ensure your smoker maintains consistent heat.
  • Rest Time Matters: Carryover cooking continues after removal - factor this into your target temperature.
  • Cured vs Uncured: Properly cured meats (with nitrates/nitrites) have additional protection against certain bacteria like Clostridium botulinum.

🔬 Pathogen Categories:

  • Vegetative Bacteria: E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Listeria, Campylobacter, S. aureus - killed at cooking temperatures (145-165°F)
  • Parasites: Trichinella spiralis - found in pork and wild game; killed at 137°F (58°C) or above; USDA recommends 145°F+ for pork
  • Bacterial Spores (toggle to show): C. botulinum - extremely heat-resistant, a concern for canning and vacuum-sealed cured meats; requires autoclave temperatures (250°F/121°C+)

⚠️ Important Notes:

  • Understanding D-Values: This chart shows D-values (decimal reduction time) - the time required at a given temperature to reduce pathogen population by 90% (1-log). For a 6-log reduction (99.9999% kill), multiply the D-value by 6.
  • Food Safety for Smoking: USDA recommends internal temperatures of 165°F (74°C) for poultry, 145°F (63°C) for whole cuts of beef/pork/lamb with 3-minute rest, and 160°F (71°C) for ground meats. The "danger zone" (40°F-140°F / 4°C-60°C) should be passed through as quickly as possible.
  • Pasteurization: Standard milk pasteurization is 72°C (161°F) for 15 seconds or 63°C (145°F) for 30 minutes.
  • Staphylococcus Toxins: While S. aureus bacteria can be killed by heat, the toxins they produce are heat-stable and may remain even after cooking.
  • The following require extreme heat to kill. To destroy these, you'd basically need to turn your meat into charcoal:
  • Bacterial Spores: Some spores (Clostridium, Bacillus) can survive boiling and require pressure cooking/autoclaving at 121°C (250°F) for extended periods. Use the "Show Bacterial Spores" toggle to display these on the chart.
  • Prions (e.g., CJD, Mad Cow Disease): Extremely heat-resistant. Require autoclaving at 134°C (273°F) for 18 minutes or longer, or chemical treatment. Not killed by normal cooking.

📋 Disclaimer from MeatSmokingCalculator.com

This chart is provided for educational and informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, this information should not be used as a substitute for official food safety guidelines. When smoking meat, always use a reliable meat thermometer and follow established safe internal temperature guidelines. We strongly recommend following the food safety guidelines provided by the FDA. For complete and up-to-date food handling recommendations, please visit: FDA Safe Food Handling Guidelines

📚 Scientific References:

Data in this chart is derived from peer-reviewed studies and government guidelines. Times shown are D-values (time for 1-log or 90% reduction). For complete pathogen elimination, multiply by 6-7.

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